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The game ends when the player reaches Oregon, or if they die along the trail death can occur due to an attack or by running out of supplies.
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When hunting, the faster the word is typed, the more food is gathered. When hunting, or when attacked, the game prompts the player to type a word-"BANG" in the original version, or a randomly selected word like "BANG" or "POW" in later versions-with misspellings resulting in no effect. The events include storms damaging supplies, wagons breaking down, and attacks by wild animals or "hostile riders" weather conditions can slow down the rate of travel, which can result in additional rounds needed to reach Oregon. The game closes the round by randomly selecting one or two events and weather conditions. Players are given the option to hunt for food, and in some rounds to stop at a fort to purchase supplies, and then choose how much food to consume that round. Supplies consist of food, bullets, clothing, miscellaneous supplies, and cash, each given as a number. Each round begins with the player being told their current distance along the trail and the date, along with their current supplies. The player purchases supplies, then plays through approximately twelve rounds of decision making, each representing two weeks on the trail.
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The Oregon Trail is a text-based strategy video game in which the player, as the leader of a wagon train, controls a group journeying down the Oregon Trail from Independence, Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon in 1847.
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The series has also inspired a number of spinoffs such as The Yukon Trail and The Amazon Trail. The multiple games in the series are often considered to be iterations on the same title, and have collectively sold over 65 million copies and have been inducted into the World Video Game Hall of Fame. The game is the first entry in The Oregon Trail series games in the series have since been released in many editions by various developers and publishers, many titled The Oregon Trail. After the rise of microcomputers in the 1970s, the MECC released several versions of the game over the next decade for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit family, and Commodore 64 computers, before redesigning it as a graphical commercial game for the Apple II under the same name in 1985.
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Rawitsch recreated the game in 1974 for the MECC, which distributed educational software for free in Minnesota and for sale elsewhere, and recalibrated the probabilities of events based on historical journals and diaries for the game's release the following year. Despite its popularity with the students, it was deleted from the school district's mainframe computer at the end of the school semester. The first version of the game was developed over the course of two weeks for use by Rawitsch in a history unit in a Minneapolis junior high school. A later Apple II port added a graphical shooting minigame. The original versions of the game contain no graphics, as they were developed for computers that used teleprinters instead of computer monitors.
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Along the way the player must purchase supplies, hunt for food, and make choices on how to proceed along the trail while encountering random events such as storms and wagon breakdowns. In the game, the player assumes the role of a wagon leader guiding a party of settlers from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon via a covered wagon in 1847. It was developed by the three as a computer game to teach school children about the realities of 19th-century pioneer life on the Oregon Trail. The Oregon Trail is a text-based strategy video game developed by Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger in 1971 and produced by the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium (MECC) beginning in 1975.